On March 18, China Meteorological Administration (CMA) released State of Global Climate (2022) (hereinafter referred to as “this report”), which fully reflects China's new results and progresses in monitoring global temperature and precipitation, atmospheric circulation system, sea surface temperature, snow cover and sea ice. During the compilation, CMA strengthened the analysis and application of independent observation data, reanalysis data and FENGYUN meteorological satellite data, and carried out global climate condition monitoring and assessment. It has underpinned global precise forecasting and refined services.

This report has demonstrated the latest global climate monitoring and assessment information from five aspects, namely, global basic climate condition, atmospheric circulation monitoring, ocean monitoring, snow and sea ice monitoring, major global meteorological disasters and major weather and climate events.

According to this report, in 2022, the land temperature in most parts of the world was close to or higher than that in normal years, with northern Asia, Central Asia, eastern West Asia, northern and western Europe, and most of Greenland exposed to more than 1℃ higher temperature. The global annual average land temperature was 1.67℃ higher than the average from 1850 to 1900, ranking the fourth highest since 1850. The global average annual precipitation was more than that in normal years, with large spatial distribution difference.

Global average temperature anomaly in 2022 Credits to BCC

According to this report, in 2022, the sea surface temperature in most coastal regions in the world was close to or higher than that in normal years. But the sea temperature in the equatorial Middle East Pacific was lower than usual. The La Nina event formed in January 2022 continued throughout the year, and developed abnormally in winter and spring season. The snow extent in the Northern Hemisphere and Eurasia is close to that in normal years. And the snow extent in China was relatively large. In winter, the snow extent in China and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ranked third and second highest in history, respectively. The Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent were smaller than usual.

Monthly sea ice extent sequence in Antarctica in 2022 Credits to BCC

This report is compiled by Beijing Climate Centre (BCC), together with National Satellite Meteorological Centre (NSMC) and National Meteorological Information Centre (NMIC).

Editor: Liu Shuqiao